Journal: Biomicrofluidics

Article Title: Smartphone operable centrifugal system (SOCS) for on-site DNA extraction from foodborne bacterial pathogen

doi: 10.1063/1.5093752

Figure Lengend Snippet: Operation procedure of the SOCS in comparison with a commercial DNA extraction kit. The SOCS recovers pure DNA solution within 6 min by simply loading a thermally lysed E. coli O157:H7 into the separation column and applied a centrifugal force while the commercial kit takes more than 30 min with complex operation steps.

Article Snippet: D. Confirmation of DNA extraction performance of the SOCS E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 9637) was chosen as a model pathogen to confirm the DNA extraction using the SOCS.

Techniques: Comparison, DNA Extraction

Journal: Biomicrofluidics

Article Title: Smartphone operable centrifugal system (SOCS) for on-site DNA extraction from foodborne bacterial pathogen

doi: 10.1063/1.5093752

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Ct values of the real-time PCR from the extracted DNA using the SOCS and commercial kit with different E. coli O157:H7 cell numbers. (b) Schematic image of the DNA extraction process from an artificially infected blood and food samples. (c) Ct values from real-time PCR with a pathogenic DNA that was extracted from an artificially infected milk, blood, and pork sample.

Article Snippet: D. Confirmation of DNA extraction performance of the SOCS E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 9637) was chosen as a model pathogen to confirm the DNA extraction using the SOCS.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Extraction, Infection

Journal:

Article Title: Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activity against gram-negative bacteria a

Article Snippet: Activity against gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans a table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) of the following compounds in the presence of NaCl at the indicated concn: LL-37 HNP-1 PG-1 Gentamicin 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM E. coli ML-35p 0.6 7.6 0.7 18.4 0.5 0.7 0.02 0.08 E. coli ATCC 9637 0.1 2.1 1.8 67.1 0.2 0.5 >250 >250 E. coli ATCC 11775 1.9 2.7 2.2 >250 0.2 0.6 0.03 0.09 E. coli MCR 106 1.6 2.1 3.7 >79.1 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.06 S. typhimurium 7953s 0.4 3.6 8.4 >250 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.7 S. typhimurium 14028s 1.2 2.9 >250 >250 1.8 0.9 0.03 0.3 P. aeruginosa MR 3007 4.7 3.8 >250 >250 0.8 0.7 65.6 >79.1 P. aeruginosa MR 53647-1 CF 2.5 3.7 >250 >250 0.3 0.9 4.3 5.8 P. aeruginosa AML 654 (mucoid) 5.7 3.6 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 6.5 25.1 P. aeruginosa CL79 1.4 0.9 >250 >250 0.3 0.4 0.07 0.7 P. aeruginosa SBI-N 1.3 4.0 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.2 B. cepacia 96-11 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 17.0 53.9 19.4 >79.1 B. cepacia ATCC 25416 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 7.4 22.5 25.5 >79.1 S. maltophilia 411 A-15 1.9 5.1 4.3 >250 0.2 0.4 >79.1 >250 P. mirabilis ATCC 7002 5.7 >25.0 >250 >250 0.6 1.4 0.12 0.7 P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 2.5 5.4 >79.1 >250 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.08 Open in a separate window a Radial diffusion assays were performed with the standard low-salt underlays and with otherwise identical underlays that also contained 100 mM NaCl.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal:

Article Title: Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of calcium on antimicrobial activity. Solid symbols show the zone diameters from radial diffusion assays that were performed in underlay gels containing 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 100 mM NaCl, 0.3 mg of Trypticase soy broth powder per ml, 1% agarose, and either E. coli ML-35p (a and c) or L. monocytogenes (b and d). The open symbols indicate the results obtained when these underlay gels were supplemented with 1 mM calcium chloride. The intersections of the continuous or interrupted regression lines with the x axis define the respective MICs. The concentrations on the x axis refer to the concentration of peptide in the 5-μl volume that was initially added to the well. Note that the x axis (concentration) is drawn with a logarithmic scale.

Article Snippet: Activity against gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans a table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) of the following compounds in the presence of NaCl at the indicated concn: LL-37 HNP-1 PG-1 Gentamicin 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM E. coli ML-35p 0.6 7.6 0.7 18.4 0.5 0.7 0.02 0.08 E. coli ATCC 9637 0.1 2.1 1.8 67.1 0.2 0.5 >250 >250 E. coli ATCC 11775 1.9 2.7 2.2 >250 0.2 0.6 0.03 0.09 E. coli MCR 106 1.6 2.1 3.7 >79.1 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.06 S. typhimurium 7953s 0.4 3.6 8.4 >250 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.7 S. typhimurium 14028s 1.2 2.9 >250 >250 1.8 0.9 0.03 0.3 P. aeruginosa MR 3007 4.7 3.8 >250 >250 0.8 0.7 65.6 >79.1 P. aeruginosa MR 53647-1 CF 2.5 3.7 >250 >250 0.3 0.9 4.3 5.8 P. aeruginosa AML 654 (mucoid) 5.7 3.6 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 6.5 25.1 P. aeruginosa CL79 1.4 0.9 >250 >250 0.3 0.4 0.07 0.7 P. aeruginosa SBI-N 1.3 4.0 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.2 B. cepacia 96-11 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 17.0 53.9 19.4 >79.1 B. cepacia ATCC 25416 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 7.4 22.5 25.5 >79.1 S. maltophilia 411 A-15 1.9 5.1 4.3 >250 0.2 0.4 >79.1 >250 P. mirabilis ATCC 7002 5.7 >25.0 >250 >250 0.6 1.4 0.12 0.7 P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 2.5 5.4 >79.1 >250 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.08 Open in a separate window a Radial diffusion assays were performed with the standard low-salt underlays and with otherwise identical underlays that also contained 100 mM NaCl.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal:

Article Title: Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of radial diffusion and broth microdilution assays a

Article Snippet: Activity against gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans a table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) of the following compounds in the presence of NaCl at the indicated concn: LL-37 HNP-1 PG-1 Gentamicin 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM E. coli ML-35p 0.6 7.6 0.7 18.4 0.5 0.7 0.02 0.08 E. coli ATCC 9637 0.1 2.1 1.8 67.1 0.2 0.5 >250 >250 E. coli ATCC 11775 1.9 2.7 2.2 >250 0.2 0.6 0.03 0.09 E. coli MCR 106 1.6 2.1 3.7 >79.1 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.06 S. typhimurium 7953s 0.4 3.6 8.4 >250 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.7 S. typhimurium 14028s 1.2 2.9 >250 >250 1.8 0.9 0.03 0.3 P. aeruginosa MR 3007 4.7 3.8 >250 >250 0.8 0.7 65.6 >79.1 P. aeruginosa MR 53647-1 CF 2.5 3.7 >250 >250 0.3 0.9 4.3 5.8 P. aeruginosa AML 654 (mucoid) 5.7 3.6 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 6.5 25.1 P. aeruginosa CL79 1.4 0.9 >250 >250 0.3 0.4 0.07 0.7 P. aeruginosa SBI-N 1.3 4.0 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.2 B. cepacia 96-11 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 17.0 53.9 19.4 >79.1 B. cepacia ATCC 25416 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 7.4 22.5 25.5 >79.1 S. maltophilia 411 A-15 1.9 5.1 4.3 >250 0.2 0.4 >79.1 >250 P. mirabilis ATCC 7002 5.7 >25.0 >250 >250 0.6 1.4 0.12 0.7 P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 2.5 5.4 >79.1 >250 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.08 Open in a separate window a Radial diffusion assays were performed with the standard low-salt underlays and with otherwise identical underlays that also contained 100 mM NaCl.

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay

Journal:

Article Title: Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of various media on the activity of LL-37. Mid-logarithmic-phase E. coli ML-35p, approximately 2 × 106 CFU/ml, was incubated for 2 h with various concentrations of LL-37 in three different media: 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer plus 100 mM NaCl and dilute Trypticase soy broth (•), standard (std) MHB (■), and refined (ref) MHB (▵).

Article Snippet: Activity against gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans a table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) of the following compounds in the presence of NaCl at the indicated concn: LL-37 HNP-1 PG-1 Gentamicin 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM E. coli ML-35p 0.6 7.6 0.7 18.4 0.5 0.7 0.02 0.08 E. coli ATCC 9637 0.1 2.1 1.8 67.1 0.2 0.5 >250 >250 E. coli ATCC 11775 1.9 2.7 2.2 >250 0.2 0.6 0.03 0.09 E. coli MCR 106 1.6 2.1 3.7 >79.1 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.06 S. typhimurium 7953s 0.4 3.6 8.4 >250 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.7 S. typhimurium 14028s 1.2 2.9 >250 >250 1.8 0.9 0.03 0.3 P. aeruginosa MR 3007 4.7 3.8 >250 >250 0.8 0.7 65.6 >79.1 P. aeruginosa MR 53647-1 CF 2.5 3.7 >250 >250 0.3 0.9 4.3 5.8 P. aeruginosa AML 654 (mucoid) 5.7 3.6 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 6.5 25.1 P. aeruginosa CL79 1.4 0.9 >250 >250 0.3 0.4 0.07 0.7 P. aeruginosa SBI-N 1.3 4.0 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.2 B. cepacia 96-11 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 17.0 53.9 19.4 >79.1 B. cepacia ATCC 25416 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 7.4 22.5 25.5 >79.1 S. maltophilia 411 A-15 1.9 5.1 4.3 >250 0.2 0.4 >79.1 >250 P. mirabilis ATCC 7002 5.7 >25.0 >250 >250 0.6 1.4 0.12 0.7 P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 2.5 5.4 >79.1 >250 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.08 Open in a separate window a Radial diffusion assays were performed with the standard low-salt underlays and with otherwise identical underlays that also contained 100 mM NaCl.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Incubation

Journal:

Article Title: Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Membrane permeabilization. We tested the ability of LL-37 (5 μg/ml) to permeabilize the outer (a and c) and inner (b and d) membranes of E. coli ML-35p. Experiments were carried out either in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (a and b) or in 10 mM phosphate buffer plus 100 mM NaCl (panels c and d). Melittin (20 μg/ml) was used as a positive (lytic) standard, and acidified water was used as the negative control. OD420, optical density at 420 nm.

Article Snippet: Activity against gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans a table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) of the following compounds in the presence of NaCl at the indicated concn: LL-37 HNP-1 PG-1 Gentamicin 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM E. coli ML-35p 0.6 7.6 0.7 18.4 0.5 0.7 0.02 0.08 E. coli ATCC 9637 0.1 2.1 1.8 67.1 0.2 0.5 >250 >250 E. coli ATCC 11775 1.9 2.7 2.2 >250 0.2 0.6 0.03 0.09 E. coli MCR 106 1.6 2.1 3.7 >79.1 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.06 S. typhimurium 7953s 0.4 3.6 8.4 >250 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.7 S. typhimurium 14028s 1.2 2.9 >250 >250 1.8 0.9 0.03 0.3 P. aeruginosa MR 3007 4.7 3.8 >250 >250 0.8 0.7 65.6 >79.1 P. aeruginosa MR 53647-1 CF 2.5 3.7 >250 >250 0.3 0.9 4.3 5.8 P. aeruginosa AML 654 (mucoid) 5.7 3.6 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 6.5 25.1 P. aeruginosa CL79 1.4 0.9 >250 >250 0.3 0.4 0.07 0.7 P. aeruginosa SBI-N 1.3 4.0 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.2 B. cepacia 96-11 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 17.0 53.9 19.4 >79.1 B. cepacia ATCC 25416 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 7.4 22.5 25.5 >79.1 S. maltophilia 411 A-15 1.9 5.1 4.3 >250 0.2 0.4 >79.1 >250 P. mirabilis ATCC 7002 5.7 >25.0 >250 >250 0.6 1.4 0.12 0.7 P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 2.5 5.4 >79.1 >250 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.08 Open in a separate window a Radial diffusion assays were performed with the standard low-salt underlays and with otherwise identical underlays that also contained 100 mM NaCl.

Techniques: Negative Control

Journal:

Article Title: Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: LPS binding. (a) Binding of polymyxin B (PmxB) and LL-37 to LPS from E. coli O1111:B4, as determined by chromogenic Limulus assays. (b) The same data from panel a but as a Hill plot. The term log10 [(FI)/(1.0 − FI)] on the ordinate is described in the Materials and Methods section. The Hill coefficient (n) shown in the figure corresponds to the slope of the continuous or interrupted regression lines.

Article Snippet: Activity against gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans a table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) of the following compounds in the presence of NaCl at the indicated concn: LL-37 HNP-1 PG-1 Gentamicin 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM 0 mM 100 mM E. coli ML-35p 0.6 7.6 0.7 18.4 0.5 0.7 0.02 0.08 E. coli ATCC 9637 0.1 2.1 1.8 67.1 0.2 0.5 >250 >250 E. coli ATCC 11775 1.9 2.7 2.2 >250 0.2 0.6 0.03 0.09 E. coli MCR 106 1.6 2.1 3.7 >79.1 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.06 S. typhimurium 7953s 0.4 3.6 8.4 >250 0.1 0.4 0.08 0.7 S. typhimurium 14028s 1.2 2.9 >250 >250 1.8 0.9 0.03 0.3 P. aeruginosa MR 3007 4.7 3.8 >250 >250 0.8 0.7 65.6 >79.1 P. aeruginosa MR 53647-1 CF 2.5 3.7 >250 >250 0.3 0.9 4.3 5.8 P. aeruginosa AML 654 (mucoid) 5.7 3.6 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 6.5 25.1 P. aeruginosa CL79 1.4 0.9 >250 >250 0.3 0.4 0.07 0.7 P. aeruginosa SBI-N 1.3 4.0 >250 >250 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.2 B. cepacia 96-11 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 17.0 53.9 19.4 >79.1 B. cepacia ATCC 25416 >79.1 >250 >250 >250 7.4 22.5 25.5 >79.1 S. maltophilia 411 A-15 1.9 5.1 4.3 >250 0.2 0.4 >79.1 >250 P. mirabilis ATCC 7002 5.7 >25.0 >250 >250 0.6 1.4 0.12 0.7 P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 2.5 5.4 >79.1 >250 0.2 0.6 0.07 0.08 Open in a separate window a Radial diffusion assays were performed with the standard low-salt underlays and with otherwise identical underlays that also contained 100 mM NaCl.

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Synergistic Activity and Mechanism of Sanguinarine with Polymyxin B against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. In vitro antibacterial activity of PMB-SA combinations against GNB strains. (a) Checker- board assays of PMB-SA combinations. OD600 values were measured using a plate reader and transformed into a color gradient indicated by a scale: dark blue represents growth, while white represents no growth. The red boxes indicate combinations with the highest synergistic activity. (b) Time–kill curves of GNBs treated with PMB, SA, and PMB-SA combination with concentrations in FICI. The detection limit is indicated by a dotted line (10 CFU/mL).

Article Snippet: Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 20 To evaluate the in vitro activities of the compounds against GNBs, different GNB strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 11775, E. coli ATCC 9637, E. coli ATCC 35218, K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and A. baumannii ATCC 19606) were tested.

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Transformation Assay